Comparative Effectiveness of 3-Dimensional vs 2-Dimensional and High-Definition vs Standard-Definition Neuroendoscopy

Comparative Effectiveness of 3-Dimensional vs 2-Dimensional and High-Definition vs Standard-Definition Neuroendoscopy: A Preclinical Randomized Crossover Study

BACKGROUND Although the potential benefits of 3-dimensional (3-D) vs 2-dimensional (2-D) and high-definition (HD) vs standard-definition (SD) endoscopic visualization have long been recognized in other surgical fields, such endoscopes are generally considered too large and bulky for use within the brain. The recent development of 3-D and HD neuroendoscopes may therefore herald improved depth pe...

High-definition digital audio in 3-dimensional sound reproduction

The principles of high-definition, S-dimensional digital audio are reviewed as applicable to DVD in terms of PCM and bitstream formats. A case is presented in favour of both extended dynamic range and extended bandwidth and methods of implementation discussed. Lossless compression is also supported together with multi-channel encoding, while aspects relevant to converter parameters and band-lim...

The definition of death: legal vs. medical.

Possibility and Reproducibility of Renal Assessing and Size Measurement by Three- Dimensional vs Two- Dimensional Ultrasounographv in Dogs

Objective- To determine the possibility and reproducibility of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS)and comparison of the achieved measurements to normal two-dimensional ultrasonography (2DCS)Design- Descriptive studyAnimals- 10 young mixed normal dogs, age 1.5-2.5 year, weighing 9.7-12 kg Procedure- Renal width, length, and depth measured in coron al and transverse sections. The measurement...

Three-dimensional vs standard laparoscopy: comparative assessment using a validated program for laparoscopic urologic skills.

OBJECTIVE To compare the last generation of 3-dimensional imaging (3D) vs standard 2-dimensional imaging (2D) laparoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted during the 4th Minimally Invasive Urological Surgical Week Course held in Braga (Portugal) in April 2013. The course participants and faculty were asked to perform standardized tasks in the dry laborato...